1. Kudiridza
Kudiridza ndeimwe yenzira huru dzekuchengetedza uswa. Kune uswa, kudiridza hakungorerutsi "kusanaya kwemvura" chete uye kunokurudzira kuora kwezvinovaka muviri uye kunyudza, asiwo kunovandudza kusimba kwemiti yeuswa, kukurumidzisa kupora kweuswa, kunoita kuti uswa huve hwegirini nekukurumidza, kunononoka kutsvuka, uye kunoita kuti girini irambe yakareba uye kuona. Zvinobatsirawo mhando dzeuswa dzinotonhora kuti dzirarame muzhizha zvakachengeteka. Nguva uye kuwanda kwekudiridza uswa zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo nenguva. KuNorth China, kana tembiricha yevhu yasvika 4-8°C, midzi yeuswa hunotonhora inotanga kukura, uye mashizha anokura. Kana tembiricha yasvika 15°C, kukura kunokurumidza, uye kana tembiricha ikaramba iri pa27°C, inova isina kurara. Uswa hunoda mvura yakawanda kubva panguva yahunotanga kusvibira, kubva pakukura kwakasimba kusvika pakusarara muzhizha. Saka, kudiridza kunofanira kuitwa ka1-2 pasvondo panguva iyi kuchengetedza ivhu rakanyorova. Kune uswa hunokura zvakajairika, mvura inoyerera inofanira kudururwa kamwe chete muchirimo chega chega usati wamera uye mushure mematsutso apo kukura kwava kuda kumira. Dzinonzi mvura yechitubu uye mvura yakagwamba zvichiteerana. Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru pakukura kwegore rose uye kuchengetedza huswa hweganda munguva yechando.
2. Isa fetereza
Kunyange hazvo zvirimwa zvemumunda zvisingabereki, kuisirwa fetereza kunodiwa kuti mashizha emumunda ave neruvara rwegirini uye akure zvakanaka, kukurudzira kukura kwakaringana, uye kuwedzera simba remumunda kurwisa masora uye kudzivirira kutsika-tsika. Pamusoro pekuwedzera fetereza yeorganic pakuvaka uswa,kupfeka pamusoroinofanira kuitwa kamwe kana kaviri panguva yekukura gore rega rega. Kuisa pamusoro kunonyanya kushandisa fetereza yemakemikari, kunyanya nitrogen. Semuenzaniso, urea inoiswa pa2 kg pa 667 square metres. Inogona kuparadzirwa zvakananga pahuswa yozodiridzwa, kana kuti inogona kuparadzirwa pahuswa mvura isati yanaya zvishoma.
3. Kuchekerera
Kuchekerera, kunozivikanwawo sekucheka kana kutenderedza, ibasa rakakosha kuchengetedza kukura kwakajairika uye chitarisiko chakanaka chehuswa. Inoshandisa kugona kwakasimba kwezvirimwa zvehuswa kuzvichekerera pahurefu hwakati kuti ikurudzire kukura kwezvikamu zvakadzorerwa, nokudaro zvichikurudzira kurima, kuwedzera huwandu hwemashizha, uye kuchengetedza huswa hwakadzika uye hwakarongeka nepamusoro pakati sandara. Kuwanda uye kukwirira kwekucheka kunokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita sedanho rekutarisira, rudzi rwehuswa, mhando dzehuswa, tembiricha, nenzvimbo. Kana huswa huine mwero wepamusoro wekuchengetedza uye kudiridza nekututira zvakanaka, huchada kuchekererwa kakawanda, uye zvinopesana. Mhando dzine mashizha matete dzinoda kuchekererwa kakawanda kupfuura mhando dzine mashizha matete. Kuchamhembe, tembiricha yakaderera, huswa hunokura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye huswa hunochekererwa zvishoma pane kumaodzanyemba. Kureba kwekucheka kunofanira kuchengetwa kwakaderera sezvinobvira, kazhinji 4-6 cm yehuswa hwekushongedza uye kwete kupfuura 8 cm yehuswa hwemazuva ose. Mushure mekunge hurefu hwekucheka huswa hwaonekwa, hunofanira kuchekererwa munguva iyo hurefu hwekukura kwehuswa hunopfuura 1/3 yehurefu hwekucheka. Kana pasina zvakawanda zvasara mushure mekuchekerera, zvinogona kusiiwa pahuswa zvoora kuti ivhu riwedzere organic. Kana mashizha nemidzi zvakawandisa zvikachekererwa zvosiyiwa pahuswa, zvinokanganisa chitarisiko chehuswa zvokonzera zvirwere zvehuswa, saka zvinofanira kubviswa.
4. Bvisa sora
Masora ndiwo muvengi mukuru wekukura kwehuswa. Kana angopinda, anokanganisa mhando yehuswa, zvichiita kuti huswa hurasiye chimiro chahwo chepakutanga uye chitarisiko chakanaka, izvo zvinotadzisa kuona. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvinokanganisa kukura kwehuswa, zvichiita kuti huswa hufe zvidimbu uye huve husina vanhu. Pane nzira mbiri dzekusora: imwe ndeyekubvisa masora nemaoko. Shandisa banga kuchera sora muhuswa hwako uye kubvisa midzi yese. Yechipiri ndeyekushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene. Paunenge uchiishandisa, mhando yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwehuswa, uye chiyero chemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene chinofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba.
5. Wedzera ivhu
Nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwakaitwa nevanhu, uswa hauna chinhu uye midzi yeuswa inoonekwa, saka hunofanira kuwedzerwa gore negore kuti mbeu dzeuswa dzibereke zvakanaka. Wedzera ivhu rakawanda munguva yechando kana yekutanga kwechirimo, uye wedzera ivhu kusvika paukobvu hwe 0.5-1.0 cm nguva imwe neimwe. Harifanirwe kunge rakakora zvakanyanya, zvikasadaro zvinokanganisa kukura kwemabukira. Kuwedzera ivhu kunogonawo kusanganiswa nekushandisa fetereza yeorganic. Chekutanga ndechekuvandudza ivhu uye kuwedzera kukora kwevhu; chechipiri ndechekudzivirira mvura nevhu uye kuwedzera kunaka kwehuswa.
6. Kukunguruka
Kana ivhu remumunda richibatanidzwa nekubviswa kwevhu zvishoma, ivhu remumunda rinoomeswa nechando munguva yechando, uye midzi yemumunda inowanzoparadzaniswa nevhu yoiswa pasi, uye inogona kufa zviri nyore kana yaiswa pazuva. Nokudaro, mumunda unowanzo kungurutswa mukutanga kwechirimo kana hunyoro hwevhu hunenge hwakadzikama ivhu risati ranyunguduka kusvika pakumera. HuswaKutenderedzaHazvingogone kungobatanidza ma rhizomes ehuswa hwakareruka nevhu riri pasi, asiwo zvinovandudza kutsetseka kwehuswa. Kudzvanya kunowanzo batanidzwa nekuwedzera ivhu. Kuisa maburi mashoma kunogona kuvandudza kupenya kwevhu uye kubatsira huswa kunwisa mvura nefetereza.
7. Kudzivirira kurwara kwakakomba nekukuvadzwa
⑴Chirwere
①Chiratidzo chikuru chengura kuburitsa maronda matsvuku-tsvuku kana mitsetse pamadzinde nemashizha, ayo anozoshanduka kuita mashava akasviba. Kazhinji, ngura dzinotanga kupararira muna Kubvumbi, dzichitanga kuoneka pamashizha, dzozobva dzakura kusvika pachirimwa chose muzhizha. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, huswa hunogona kuoma uye kufa munzvimbo dzakakura. Nzira yekudzivirira nekudzora ndeyekutanga kusashandisa nitrogen fertilizer muzhizha, uye yechipiri ndeyekushandisa nzira dzemakemikari kudzivirira nekudzora.
⑵Zvipembenene
① Chipembenene ichi chinokonzera kukuvadza kukuru kwehuswa. Chinodya midzi yehuswa nemadzinde, chinokanganisa mvura yemuti, uye chinoita kuti madzinde nemashizha zviite yero zvofa. Nzira dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira dzinosanganisira kuuraya nechiedza chitema, kubata nemvura inotapira neinovava, uye kupfapfaidza ne40% Lesbon ka1000 kamvura. ② Mhashu ine musoro wakananga inotsenga mashizha nemadzinde akapfava. Kana chiitiko chacho chakanyanya, madzinde ese nemashizha zvinodyiwa. Kukuvara kwacho kwakanyanya kubva muna Chikumi kusvika Nyamavhuvhu. Nzira yekudzora ndeyekupfapfaidza 0.5 kg ye trichlorfon kana dichlorvos paeka ne500 kg yemvura. Unogonawo kuisa vanhu kuti vauraye mangwanani. ③ Makonye madiki anodya madzinde madiki nemashizha chete, zvichidzivirira huswa kuti husakure zvakanaka. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvirimwa zvinogona kufa nezvidimbu zvikuru. Nzira yekudzora ndeyekushandisa 50% Dianon EC, 50 kusvika 100 ml pa mu, kana 25% carbaryl wettable powder, 200 kusvika 250 ml pa mu.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-13-2024