Huswa hunogona kuchenesa mhepo, kunwisa guruva, kudzivirira ruzha, kudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, kuderedza kukurwa kwevhu, kunatsiridza chimiro chevhu, kunonoka mwaranzi yezuva, kuchengetedza nekudzoreredza kuona, kusvibira uye kushongedza guta, uye kunatsiridza nharaunda yemaguta. Nzvimbo yehuswa iri kuramba ichikura. Zvisinei, huswa hwemumba hunowanzo shata uye hunova husina vanhu mumakore 3-5, uye mamwe huswa hunotove husina vanhu mushure mekunge hwavapo. Hupenyu hwehuswa hune tekinoroji yakakwana yekuchengetedza kunze kwenyika hunopfuura makore 10-15. Chikonzero ndechekuti tekinoroji yekuchengetedza huswa hwenyika yangu haina kukura zvakakwana, kunyanya nekuda kwenzira dzisina kunaka kana dzakanonoka dzekuchengetedza dzakadai sekuchekerera, kuisa fetereza, kudiridza, uye kudzora zvipembenene. Pfungwa huru dze kugadzirisa huswauye matekiniki ekutarisira anotsanangurwa muchidimbu pazasi.
1. Kuchekerera
Kunyangwe kucheka matanda ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakutarisira uswa. Kana uswa hukasachekwa nenguva, chikamu chepamusoro chehunde chinokura nekukurumidza uye dzimwe nguva chinomera mbeu, izvo zvinokanganisa kukura kweuswa husingatsiki pasi, zvichiita kuti huve nzvimbo isina chinhu.
Nguva yekucheka uswa inowanzova kubva munaKurume kusvika munaMbudzi, uye dzimwe nguva zvinodikanwawo kucheka munguva yechando inodziya. Kureba kwekucheka uswa kunowanzo tevera musimboti we1/3. Kucheka kwekutanga kunoitwa kana uswa hwacho hwareba 10-12cm, uye hurefu hwehuswa hwacho hwakareba 6-8cm. Kuwanda kwekucheka kwaunoita kunoenderana nekuti uswa hwako hunokura nekukurumidza sei. Uswa hwekunze hwemhando yepamusoro hunochekwa kanopfuura ka10 kana kunyange kamazana pagore. Kazhinji Chivabvu-Chikumi ndiyo nguva iyo uswa hunokura zvakanyanya. Hunochekwa ka1-2 mazuva ese 7-10, uye ka1-2 mazuva ese 10-15 pane dzimwe nguva. Uswa hwacho hwakachekwa kakawanda. Hahuna kungove nema rhizomes akakura uye kugona kwakasimba kwekufukidza, asiwo hune hurefu hushoma, mashizha matete uye kukosha kwakanyanya kwekushongedza.
Pakucheka uswa, mitsetse yekucheka inofanira kunge yakaenzana uye gwara rinofanira kuchinjwa pese paunocheka. Munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, unogona kuisa uswa hwakachekwa pahuswa kuti hutonhore, asi haugone kusiiwa kwenguva yakareba, zvikasadaro huswa huchanyorova zviri nyore, hunokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye hunokonzera mabhakitiriya. Micheto yehuswa inowanzochekwa nechigero kuti irambe ichitaridzika zvakanaka.
2. Kuisa mbeu mumbeu
Kuisa fetereza imwe nhanho inokosha mukuchengetedza huswa. Kana huswa hukachekwa kakawanda, zvinovaka muviri zvakawanda zvinobviswa muvhu, saka zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana zvinofanira kuzadzwazve kuti zvidzorere kukura. Kuisa fetereza pahuswa kunowanzo shandiswa pakugadzira fetereza ine nitrogen uye fetereza dzakasanganiswa. Huwandu hwakakodzera hwefetireza i28-12kg pa 667m2, kureva kuti, 15-18g/m2. Kuwanda kwefetireza kunosiyana zvichienderana nemarudzi akasiyana ehuswa. Kazhinji, huswa hunofanirwa kuisirwa fetereza ka7-8 pagore.
3. Kudiridza
Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzehuswa hwemushanga, hunodzivirira kusanaya kwemvura zvakasiyana. Munguva yekukura kwadzo nesimba, dzese dzinoda mvura yakakwana. Saka, kudiridza nenguva imwe chete inzira yekuchengetedza huswa hwakanaka. Kazhinji, munguva yekupisa kwakanyanya uye mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura, diridza kamwe chete mazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe ega ega mangwanani nemanheru kuti unyorovese midzi kusvika 10-15cm. Kudiridza mune mimwe mwaka kwakakodzera kuchengetedza midzi yevhu uye kuchengetedza hunyoro hwakati. Zvisinei, zvakanaka kushandisa kupfapfaidza kwakasiyana-siyana panzvimbo pekudiridza sprinkler paunenge uchidiridza kuti uchengetedze kudiridza kwakafanana, kuchengetedza mvura, uye panguva imwe chete kubvisa guruva pamusoro pehuswa.
4. Maburi ekuboorerauye kuyambuka ivhu kuti ivhu rifefete
Minda yehuswa inofanira kuboorwa uye kufefeterwa nevhu kamwe chete kana kaviri pagore. Shandisa muchina wekuboorera nzvimbo dzakakura dzehuswa. Mushure mekuboorera gomba, zadza huswa nejecha, wobva washandisa tooth reki kana mutsvairo wakaoma kutsvaira jecha zvakaenzana kuitira kuti jecha ripinde mukati megomba kuti rirambe rakashinga uye riwedzere kuyerera kwemvura muvhu rakadzika. Ukobvu hwejecha riri pamusoro pehuswa hahufanirwe kudarika 0.5cm. Kuti upe mhepo munzvimbo diki uye huswa hwakareruka, shandisa forogo yekuchera kuchera maforogo ari kure nekudzika kwe8-10cm. Maforogo anofanira kupinda nekubuda zvakananga kudzivirira kuunza mavhu. Maitiro akasiyana emaforogo anogona kuchinjwa kune mhando dzakasiyana dzevhu, uye mafoshoro anogonawo kushandiswa pabasa. Pakucheka, dzimwe nzira dzemidzi yehuswa dzinogona kuchekwa kuti dzikurudzire kukura kwemidzi nesimba. Nguva yakanakisa yekuboorera makomba nekuyambuka ivhu kuti ripe mhepo ndeyekutanga kwechirimo gore rega rega.
5. Bvisa sora
Pakusora, dzidzai misimboti ye "kusora nekukurumidza", "kusora" uye "kusora". Shandisai banga kana huwandu hwacho huri hudiki, mochera nefoshoro kana huwandu hwacho hwakawanda uye hwakakanyiwa, mobva maenzanisa ivhu musati madyarazve. Pfapfaidzai pazuva rakadzikama uye rine zuva, apo tembiricha iri nani kupfuura 25°C. Panguva ino, simba remushonga rinokurumidza zvikuru, uye muyero wemushonga unogona kuderedzwa nehafu. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inogona kushanda zvakanaka kana ikasanganiswa zvakanaka. Asi chenjerai kuti musazokonzera matambudziko.
6. Kudzora zvirwere nezvipembenene
Zvirwere zvizhinji zvehuswa zvinoti fungi, zvakaita sengura, powdery mildew, sclerotinia, anthracnose, nezvimwewo. Zvinowanzo kuwanikwa pamidzi yemiti yakafa, madzinde nemashizha ari muvhu. Kana zvikasangana nemamiriro ekunze akakodzera, zvinotapukira nekukuvadza huswa, zvichiita kuti kukura kwehuswa kukanganiswe, zvichiita kuti hutsvedzerere kana kufa mumapango. Nzira dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira dzinowanzo sanganisira kushandisa mishonga yefungi yekudzivirira kana yekurapa zvichibva pamaitiro ehutachiona hwechirwere. Panguva yekudzora, huswa hunofanira kuchekwa zvishoma wobva wapfapfaidzwa.
7. Kuvandudzwa, kudzorerwa kwehucheche uyekutenderera kwevhu
Kana uswa hwakaita sehwakaoma kana kuti hwafa zvishoma, hunofanira kudzorerwa nenguva. Kureva kuti, paunenge uchiisa fetereza pakutanga kwechirimo kana pakupera kwematsutso, sanganisa mbeu dzeuswa dzakamera nefetereza wozvisasa zvakaenzana pauswa, kana kushandisa chitofu kucheka zvidimbu zveuswa 20cm yega yega woisa fetereza. Wedzera manyowa kuti ukurudzire kukura kwemidzi mitsva. Kana pasina ivhu uye kubuda kwemidzi kunokonzerwa nekuchekerera, kudiridza, uye kuchenesa uswa hwakaoma, ivhu rinofanira kuwedzerwa nekumoneredzwa panguva yekumera kweuswa kana mushure mekuchekerera, kazhinji kamwe chete pagore, uye kumoneredza kunofanira kuitwa kakawanda kupfuura pakutanga kwechirimo mushure mekunge ivhu ranyunguduka.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-06-2024