Magiredhi ehuswa uye mitemo yekuchengetedza

Mitemo yekupatsanura huswa

1. Huswa hwakasiyana-siyana: Nguva yeruvara rwegirini imazuva mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu pagore. Huswa hwakati sandara uye kukwirira kwehuswa kunodzorwa pasi pe25mm. Ndekwekungoona chete.​

2. Huswa hwegiredhi rekutanga: nguva yegirini inopfuura mazuva 340, huswa hwakati sandara, uye huswa hwakati sandara husingasviki 40mm, hwekuona nekushandisa mhuri nguva dzose.​

3. Huswa hwechipiri: Nguva yegirini inopfuura mazuva 320, huswa hwakati sandara kana kuti hwakatsetseka zvishoma, uye huswa hwakadzika husingasviki 60mm, hwakakodzera kuzorora nekuzorora kweveruzhinji.

4. Huswa hwedanho rechitatu: hurefu hwezuva hunopfuura mazuva mazana matatu, huswa husingasviki 100mm, hunoshandiswa kuzorora neveruzhinji, huchifukidza nzvimbo isina chinhu, hunodzivirira materu, nezvimwewo.​

5. Huswa hwedanho rechina: Hapana muganho wenguva yegirini, uye zvinodiwa pakukwirira kwemashanga hazvisi zvakaoma. Inoshandiswa kufukidza makomo asina chinhu uye kuchengetedza materu, nezvimwewo.

Kugadzirisa huswa

1. Kuchekerera

Kuti uswa hurambe hwakatsetseka uye hwakakwana, uswa hunofanira kuchekwa nguva nenguva. Kukura zvakanyanya kunokonzera kupararira kwemidzi.

(1) Kuwanda kwekucheka uswa

① Huswa hwakakosha hunofanira kuchekwa mazuva mashanu ega ega panguva yekurima kwechirimo nezhizha, uye kamwe chete kana kaviri pamwedzi mumatsutso nechando zvichienderana nemamiriro ekukura.

② Huswa hwemhando yekutanga hunofanira kuchekwa mazuva gumi ega ega panguva yekukura uye kamwe chete pamwedzi mumatsutso nemuchando.

③ Huswa hwechipiri hunofanira kuchekwa mazuva makumi maviri ega ega panguva yekukura, kaviri mumatsutso, kwete kuchekwa muchando, uye zvakare chitubu chisati chasvika.

④Huswa hweGiredhi 3 hunofanira kuchekwa kamwe chete mumwaka.​

⑤Huswa hweGiredhi rechina hunofanira kuchekwa zvakanaka nebhurashi rinocheka kamwe chete muchando chega chega.

Kusarudzwa kwemichina

① Masango emhando yepamusoro anogona kuchekwa chete nemidziyo yekucheka uswa inotenderera, masango emhando yekutanga neyechipiri anogona kuchekwa nemidziyo inotenderera, masango emhando yechitatu anogona kuchekwa nemidziyo yekufema kana michina yekucheka mabhurashi, uye masango egiredhi rechina anogona kuchekwa nemidziyo yekucheka mabhurashi. Mipendero yese yehuswa inofanira kuchekwa. Shandisa tambo yakapfava kana kucheka nemaoko.​

② Usati wachekerera huswa hwega hwega, hurefu hwehuswa hwemugadzi hunofanira kuyerwa, uye hurefu hwemusoro wemucheki hunofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemuchina wakasarudzwa. Kazhinji, kune huswa hwemhando yepamusoro kusvika hwegiredhi rechipiri, hurefu hwehuswa hwega hwega hahufanirwe kudarika 1/3 yehurefu hwehuswa.​

Matanho ekucheka: a. Bvisa matombo, matavi akafa nedzimwe tsvina kubva muuswa.

b. Sarudza nzira inosangana neyaimbova ne30° kuti udzivise kucheka musango kakawanda nenzira imwe chete zvichiita kuti uswa hukure kudivi rimwe chete.​c. Kumhanya hakufanirwe kunge kuri kwekukurumidzira kana kunonoka, uye nzira yacho inofanira kunge yakatwasuka. Panofanira kuva nekupindirana kweinenge 10cm panzvimbo yekucheka kwega kwega kwerwendo rwekutenderera.

d. Kana ukasangana nezvipingamupinyi, unofanira kuzvitenderedza, uye mipendero yeuswa husina kuenzana yakakomberedza inofanira kuchekwa yakakombama. Kana uchitendeudza, unofanira kuderedza throttle.

e. Kana uswa hwakareba zvakanyanya, hunofanira kupfupikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hakubvumirwi.​

f. Shandisa muchina wekucheka mabhurashi kucheka makona, mashanga ari pedyo nemigero yemugwagwa, uye mashanga ari pasi pemiti. Mabhurashi haatenderwi kushandiswa pakuchekerera maruva nemiti midiki (kudzivirira kukuvadza maruva nemiti netsaona). Nzvimbo idzi dzinofanira kuchekererwa nemaoko. semuenzaniso. Mushure mekucheka, chenesai maburi ehuswa moaisa mumabhegi, chenesai nzvimbo yacho, uye chenesai michina.​

(3)Kucheka uswamitemo yemhando yepamusoro

①Kana mashizha achekwa, mhedzisiro yacho ichave yakatsetseka, pasina maburi anooneka uye kucheka kwakarasika, uye mipendero yakachekwa ichave yakanyorova.

② Shandisa zvigadziko zvemaoko zvakaita semabhurashi ekucheka kuti ugadzirise kucheka kwacho pamipendero yemiti, pasina zviratidzo zvekusachekwa kwacho. ③Hapana zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekunge matanda akakombama zvisina kunaka.

④Chenesa nzvimbo yacho, usingasiye huswa hwakachekwa kana marara. ⑤Mutengo wekushanda zvakanaka: 200~300㎡/awa yemuchina mumwe chete.

2. Fafaza mvura

① Huswa hwemhando yepamusoro, hwemhando yekutanga, uye hwemhando yechipiri hunofanira kudiridzwa kamwe chete pazuva munguva yekurima yezhizha neyematsutso, uye kaviri kusvika katatu pasvondo mumatsutso nemuchando zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze.

②Huswa hwedanho rechitatu hunofanira kudiridzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, uye musimboti ndewekuti husaome nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemvura. ③Huswa hwedanho rechina hunonyanya kushandisa mvura inobva kudenga.

3. Kubviswa kwemasora

Kubvisa masora ibasa rakakosha pakugadzirisa huswa. Masora ane simba rakasimba kupfuura huswa hwakadyarwa. Anofanira kucheneswa nenguva, zvikasadaro anotora zvinovaka muviri muvhu uye anodzivisa kukura kwehuswa hwakadyarwa.

(1) Kubvisa sora nemaoko

① Kazhinji, masora mashoma kana masora emusango asingakwanise kurapwa nemishonga yesora anobviswa nemaoko.​② Kusora nemaoko kunokamurwa kuita nzvimbo, zvidimbu, uye mabhuroko, uye basa rekusora rinoitwa nevashandi vakasarudzwa, huwandu, uye nguva. ③Basa rinofanira kuitwa wakarara pasi, uye kugara pasi kana kukotama kuti utsvage masora hazvibvumirwi.​④Shandisa zvishandiso zvekubatsira kubvisa uswa pamwe chete nemidzi yeuswa. Usabvisa chete chikamu chesora chiri pamusoro pevhu. ⑤ Sora rakabviswa rinofanira kuiswa mugaba remarara nenguva uye harifanirwe kusiiwa rakarara. ⑥ Kusora kunofanira kupedzwa zvakatevedzana nebhuroko, chidimbu nenzvimbo.

(2) Kubvisa sora remishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene

① Shandisa mishonga yekuuraya sora yakasarudzwa kudzora sora rine kenza rapararira.

② Inofanira kuitwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemurimi wezvirimwa, uye mushonga wezvirimwa unofanira kuburitswa nemurimi wezvirimwa kana nyanzvi yezvekurima, uye mushonga wezvirimwa unofanira kusarudzwa nemazvo nemvumo yemutariri wekuchengetedza girini. ③Paunenge uchipfapfaidza mishonga yezvirimwa, chengeta pfuti yekupfapfaidza pasi kudzivirira mhute kuti isaende kune zvimwe zvirimwa.

④ Mushure mekupfapfaidza mushonga wesora, pfuti yekupfapfaidza, bharero, muchina, nezvimwewo zvinofanira kucheneswa zvakanaka, uye muchina wekupfapfaidza unofanira kupombwa nemvura yakachena kwemaminitsi mashoma. Usadururire mvura yakagezwa pane zvirimwa. ⑤ Mishonga yesora haibvumidzwe pedyo nemaruva, makwenzi, nembeu, uye mishonga yesora inouraya utachiona inorambidzwa pahuswa hwese.

⑥ Chengeta zvinyorwa mushure mekushandisa mishonga yesora.

(3) Mipimo yehunhu hwekudzora sora

① Hapana sora rakareba kupfuura 15cm muhuswa hwedanho rechitatu zvichikwira, uye huwandu hwesora hwakareba 15cm hahufanirwe kudarika miti mishanu/㎡.

②Hapana sora rine mashizha akafara rinoonekwa pahuswa hwese.

③Hapana sora rakatumbuka mumasango ese.

4. Kuisa mbeu mumbeu

Fetereza inofanira kushandiswa zvishoma uye kakawanda kuti huswa hukure zvakaenzana. (1) Fetereza

① Fetereza dzakasanganiswa dzakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: dzinonyungudika ipapo ipapo nedzinonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma, idzo dziri fetereza huru dzehuswa. Fetereza dzakasanganiswa dzinonyungudika ipapo ipapo dzinonyungudika mumvura dzobva dzapfapfaidzwa. Fetereza dzakasanganiswa dzinonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma dzinowanzopfapfaidzwa zvakananga dzaoma. Zvisinei, kupisa kwenzvimbo kunowanzoitika kana uchishandisa fetereza dzakasanganiswa dzinonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma, saka dzinonyanya kushandiswa pahuswa dzine zvinodiwa zvishoma.

②Urea. Urea ifetiraiza yenitrogen inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inowanzoshandiswa pakurima uswa. Kushandisa feteraiza yenitrogen zvakanyanya pauswa kuchaita kuti zvirimwa zvirasikirwe nezvirwere uye zvitapukire. Kushandisa feteraiza yenitrogen zvisina kunaka kunogona kukonzerawo kutsva, saka hazvikurudzirwi kuishandisa kakawanda.

③ Kuailumei ifetiraiza yenitrogen yemvura ine mhedzisiro yakafanana neye urea.

④Fetereza inoshanda kwenguva refu ifetireza yakasimba ine zvinhu zvakawanda, ine hunhu hwekuita kwefetireza kwenguva refu uye mhedzisiro yakanaka. Kazhinji, hapana chiitiko chekutsva chichaitika, asi inodhura.

(2) Nheyo dzekusarudza fetereza

Kune masango epamusoro nepamusoro, shandisai mafetiraiza anokurumidza kusanganiswa, runako rwegirini runokurumidza uye mafetiraiza anoshanda kwenguva refu. Kune masango epamusoro nepechitatu, shandisai mafetiraiza akaderera anonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma. Kune masango epamusoro pechina, hapana fetiraiza.

(3) Nzira yekuberekesa

① Mushure mekunyungudutsa fetereza inosanganiswa nekukurumidza ine huwandu hwe0.5% uchishandisa nzira yekugezera mumvura, pfapfaidzai zvakaenzana ne sprayer ine simba repamusoro ine huwandu hwe80㎡/kg. ②Mushure mekunyungudutsa Kuailvmei zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakaratidzwa uye huwandu hwacho, pfapfaidzai ne sprayer ine simba repamusoro.

③ Paradzira fetereza inoshanda kwenguva refu zvakaenzana nemaoko zvichienderana nemirairo, wopfapfaidza mvura kamwe chete usati waisa fetereza uye wapedza kuisa fetereza.

④ Paradzira fetereza inonyunguduka zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaenzana pachiyero che20g/㎡.​

⑤ Shandisa urea ine huwandu hwe0.5%, sanganisa nemvura, woipfapfaidza nepfuti yekupfapfaidza ine simba rakawanda.

⑥ Kuisa fetereza kunoitwa munzvimbo dzine maburi, maburi nenzvimbo kuti zvive zvakaenzana.

(4) Kutevedzana kwekuberekesa

①Kutevedzana kwenguva refu kwefetereza kunoonekwa zvichienderana nemirairo yekushandisa fetereza.

② Kune masango emhando yepamusoro neasina mafetiraiza anoshanda kwenguva refu, isai fetereza inosanganisa zvirimwa kamwe chete pamwedzi.

③ Kuailvmei neurea zvinongoshandiswa chete pakutsvaga zvirimwa panguva yemitambo mikuru nekuongorora, uye kushandiswa kwazvo kunodzorwa zvakanyanya pane dzimwe nguva.

④ Isa fetereza inonyunguduka zvishoma nezvishoma pamunda wepadanho rechipiri nerechitatu mwedzi mitatu yega yega.

5. Kudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere

Teererai kudzivirira nekudzivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere, uye torai matanho anoshanda ekuzvidzora zvisati zvaitika zvichienderana nemaitiro azvo.

① Zvirwere zvinowanzoonekwa pamunda zvinosanganisira mavanga emashizha, gomarara, kuora, ngura, nezvimwewo. Zvipembenene zvinowanzoonekwa pamunda zvinosanganisira zvipembenene, mamoles crickets, ma cutworms, nezvimwewo.

② Kudzivirira zvirwere zvehuswa nezvipembenene kunofanira kuva chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa. Kune zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zviri pamusoro, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nemafungicide inofanira kupfapfaidzwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu yega yega. Sarudzo yemishonga inofanira kusarudzwa nenyanzvi yekurima hove kana nyanzvi. Kune zvirimwa zvemhando yechipiri, pfapfaidza kamwe chete pamwedzi. ③Kune zvirwere zvinongoerekana zvaitika nezvipembenene, zvisinei nekuti zvirimwa zvehuswa zvakadii, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inofanira kupfapfaidzwa nenguva kuti isapararire.

④ Huswa hwakaora zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvipembenene nezvirwere hunofanira kutsiviwa nenguva.

6.Kuchera Huswa, kutetepa, uye kutsiva

① Kune masango ane nhanho yechipiri kana kupfuura, makomba anofanira kuboorwa kamwe chete pagore; zvichienderana nekuwanda kwemasango, huswa hunofanira kuchekwa kamwe chete pagore rega rega; mushure mekunge mabasa makuru aitwa, huswa hunofanira kuchekwa zvishoma uye kuchekwa jecha.​

② Kucheneswa kweuswa: Shandisa simbi yekuregera kusunungura chikamu chakatsikwa kusvika pakadzika kweinenge 5cm. Bvisa ivhu rakachekwa nemarara, isa fetereza nejecha rekuvandudza ivhu.

③ Kuboora nekuchekerera huswa kwakakura: Gadzirira michina, jecha, uye maturusi. Kutanga, shandisa muchina wekucheka huswa zvakare, shandisa muchina wekucheka huswa kugadzirisa huswa, shandisa chibooreso kuboora maburi, uye tsvaira nemaoko kana kushandisa muchina wekucheka huswa unotenderera. Bvisa matope netsvina, isa fetereza yekuvandudza ivhu uye kuputika kwejecha.​

④ Kana paine mavanga ebvudzi kana mavanga akafa ane dhayamita inopfuura 10cm mugwenzi rechipiri kana kupfuura, kana masora emunharaunda ane kenza achitora anopfuura 50% yehuswa hwegwenzi uye asingakwanise kubviswa nemishonga yekuuraya sora, huswa hwegwenzi munzvimbo iyoyo hunofanira kutsiviwa zvishoma.​

⑤ Zvikamu zvehuswa zviri pamusoro pedanho rechipiri zvinotsikwa-tsikwa, zvichikonzera kukura kusina kunaka, uye zvinofanirwa kunatsiridzwa nekuchekerera huswa munzvimbo iyoyo.

⑥ Kune masango ekushongedza ane nhanho yechipiri kana kupfuura anoita seakaoma uye ero munguva yechando, mbeu dzehuswa hwerye dzinofanira kudyarwa gore rega rega pakati paMbudzi, dzine chiyero che60 square metres/kg.