Kuisa ivhu pamusoro pevhu zvinoreva kuisa ivhu rakatetepa pahuswa hwagara huripo kana kuti huri kukura. Pahuswa hwagara huripo, huswa hwakavharwa hunogona kushanda mabasa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kudzora huswa, kuenzana pamusoro pevhu.huswa hwemitambo, kukurudzira kudzorerwa kwehuswa hwakakuvara kana hune chirwere, kudzivirira kuisa miriwo munguva yechando, kushandura hunhu hwenzvimbo yekurima huswa, nezvimwewo. Hunhu hwemajini ehuswa, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, nzira dzekurima nekutarisira uye chinangwa chekugadzwa kwehuswa zvinosarudza kudiwa kwevhu rinofukidza pamusoro. Miti yegorofu, minda yebowling nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemitambo dzinoda huswa hwakafanana kuti zvive nyore kushanda. Nzvimbo diki kusvika pakati nepakati dzisina kurongeka dzinokonzerwa nekutsika-tsika, mamiriro ekunze, kukura kwehuswa nezvimwe zvinhu. Kudzika kwakadaro kudiki nepakati kunogona kugadziriswa nekuvhara pamusoro nevhu. Makora emichero akafukidzwa nevhu repamusoro haawanzo kuunganidzwa kwehuswa kana mamwe matambudziko akafanana. Makora emichero akavakirwa pavhu risina kukodzera anogona pakupedzisira kugadzira huswa hwakanaka hune mvura yakavandudzwa, mhepo yakanaka uye kusimba kwakasimba mushure mekufukidzwa kakawanda nevhu rakakodzera kwemakore mazhinji. Nokudaro, chiyero ichi chave nzira yakakosha mukutarisira huswa hwemitambo.
Kuisa matanda pamusoro pevhu Dambudziko rinowanzoitika nekuda kwekuisa matanda pamusoro pevhu nderekuisa matanda pamusoro pevhu kwenguva refu, zvakasiyana nekushandisa ivhu kwenguva refu. Kana paine jecha kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma muvhu, ivhu repamusoro rinowanzova rakanyorova uye kukura kwemidzi kunokanganiswa. Kusiyana kudiki mumhando dzevhu muvhu, senge matanda emidzi, kunokonzerawo mhedzisiro yakaipa pakupararira kwemidzi yevhu. Uyezve, huwandu kana kuwanda kwekufukidza matanda pamusoro pevhu nevhu hakuna kukwana kuti ivhu risanganiswe zvizere, uye nekufamba kwenguva ivhu nezvirimwa zveorganic zvinoparadzana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuchekerera kwakatwasuka dzimwe nguva kunodiwa usati waisa matanda pamusoro pevhu kuti uvhure matanda ehuswa kudzivirira kuisa matanda pamusoro pevhu. Kupwanya matanda evhu akaboorwa mushure mekuboora kunogona kuunza mhedzisiro yakafanana nevhu rinofukidza pamusoro pevhu. Chero bedzi ivhu riri pasi pegwenzi rakakodzera, maitiro aya ekupwanya akafanana kana kuti ari nani pane kuisa pamusoro nevhu rekunze. Zvisinei, huwandu hwevhu rakapwanyika hunoenderana nekusimba kwekuchera (hukuru nehuwandu hwemakomba) uye huwandu hwekuchera hunogona kushivirira gwenzi. Kufukidza ivhu pamusoro, kune rumwe rutivi, hakukanganisirwi nezvinhu izvi uye kunogona kuitwa pasina mamwe matanho ekurima. Pakuchera nekuvhara ivhu panguva imwe chete, kungwarira kunofanirwa kutorwa kudzivirira kuumbwa kwezvikamu. Semuenzaniso, pakuvhara kora yemichero nejecha, makomba anowanzo bhorwa kutanga kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti jecha rinopinda mumakomba. Mitsetse yevhu inoburitswa mugomba inofanira kubviswa. Mitsetse yevhu haigone kutyorwa panzvimbo kusvika ukobvu hwejecha hwapfuura kudzika kwakanyanya kwemuchina wekuboora. Zvikasadaro, kusawirirana pakati pejecha nevhu kuchaitika, zvichikonzera migumisiro yakaipa.
Kusarudzwa kwevhu rinofukidza pamusoro Kusarudzwa kwevhu rinoshandiswa sevhu rinofukidza pamusoro ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukutarisira huswa. Saka, pakuvaka kororo yemichero mitsva, ivhu rinofanira kuchengetwa parutivi pachine nguva kuti rizoshandiswa gare gare. Ivhu rinodiwa kuti ivhu rive rakati sandara uye ivhu rinofukidza pamusoro rinosiyana chete nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvipenyu muvhu. Ivhu rinofukidza pamusoro haridi zvinhu zvipenyu nekuti kukura kwehuswa kuchaburitsa zvasara zvakakwana zvezvinodikanwa mune ramangwana. Kutaura zvazviri, chimwe chinangwa chekuwedzera mulching pamusoro pevhu ndechekukurudzira kuora kwezvinhu izvi zvipenyu kudzivirira kuungana kwehuswa hwakawanda. Kana ivhu remunharaunda risina kukodzera, kororo rinofanira kuvakwazve kana kusarudzwa ivhu repamusoro rakakodzera, zvichienderana nekuoma kwedambudziko rekororo uye huwandu hwemhando yekororo inotarisirwa kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuivhurira pamusoro, kutarisira kana mamwe matanho. Kusarudza ivhu risiri panzvimbo kwakaoma nekuti zvakaoma kuwana musanganiswa mumwe chete. Kazhinji zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinoshandisa ivhu rejecha. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanhu vanowanzo shandisa jecha zvachose, uye mhedzisiro inoratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka. Zvisinei, kana jecha rikashandiswa kwenguva refu, kororo jecha rinoonekwa, zvichikonzera nzvimbo yakaoma, iyo inoda mvura yakawanda nefetereza mukutarisira kwezuva nezuva. Kana jecha rikasava nemvura, mukana wekuoma kwenzvimbo unowedzera.
Huwandu hwevhu rinofukidza pamusoro hunodiwa pakushandisa kwega kwega kana mumwaka wese wekurima zvinoenderana nechinangwa chekufukidza ivhu. Kana chiri chekushandura nzvimbo yakakura isina kuenzana uye kuita kuti pamusoro pehuswa pave pakanaka, ivhu rakawanda rinodiwa; saizvozvowo, kana uchida kushandura chimiro chevhu rehuswa, huwandu hwakawanda hwevhu hunodiwa. Huwandu kana kuwanda kwekushandiswa kunonyanya kudzorwa nekukwanisa kwehuswa kunyudza ivhu iri. Ivhu rakawandisa rinotadzisa mashizha kugamuchira chiedza uye kukanganisa kukura kwehuswa. Mwero wekuisa wenhandare yegorofu unokanganisawo simba revhu rinofukidza pamusoro. Nhandare yegorofu isingashandiswe kwenguva pfupi inoda ivhu rakafukidza pamusoro, uye nhandare yegorofu inoramba ichitamba ichashandisa ivhu rakafukidza pamusoro zvishoma. Pakudzora jira rehuswa, mwero unounganidzwa jira rehuswa unosarudza kuwanda uye huwandu hwekuvhara pamusoro. Mamwe maruva emichero haadi ivhu repamusoro kana asingakure nesimba kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kuora nekukurumidza kwezvisaririra zve organic. Pamakora emichero apo chikamu chekuoma chinoramba chichikura, zvakanaka kufukidza muchero nevhu repamusoro. Muchiitiko ichi, huwandu hwevhu repamusoro hunodiwa hunofanira kunge huri 15m3/hm2 uye gobvu re1.5mm. Chikamu chepamusoro chevhu nehuswa zvakasanganiswa zvinoumba chikamu chepakati chinobatsira muhuswa hwakatsikwa. Zvichienderana nekuora kwaro, chikamu chepamusoro chevhu chinogona kuchinja kuoma, kuchinja hunyoro nemamiriro ekudya, uye zvakare kupa zvinovaka muviri; chikamu chekuoma chinopa simba uye mhepo. Nokudaro, ivhu rinofukidza pamusoro rinovandudza chikamu chehuswa munguva pfupi. Nekufamba kwenguva, nekuda kwekufukidza pamusoro kwevhu, chikamu chehuswa hwakaoma chinokurumidza kuora uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa muvhu hunowedzera. Pakuisa jecha rakachena rakawanda pavhu rinofukidza pamusoro, mwero wekushandiswa unogona kunge wakaderera se7.5m2/hm2, uye unogona kuiswa kamwe chete pamavhiki maviri panguva yekukura. Vamwe vanhu vanokurudzirawo kuisa jecha repakati nepakati (0.25-1.0mm). Chimwe chezvinetso pakushandisa jecha sechivharo chepamusoro chevhu ndechekuti guruva nezvimwe zvinhu zvinopinda mujecha kuburikidza nekuiswa kwemhepo uye kudiridza, uye huwandu hwakawanda hunogona kuderedza mhepo. Nekuda kweizvi, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa nguva nenguva kuchera maburi uye kuzadza maburi ne "jecha rakachena" kuti utaure nezvikamu zvakavharwa nezvidimbu uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mvura inoyerera zvakanaka. Kufukidza pamusoro nguva nenguva kunogonawo kushandiswa kuderedza zvidimbu izvi uye kudzivirira kuumbwa kwechikamu chinovhara. Maburi ekuboora anodiwa kuchengetedza kudzika kwakakodzera kwepakati mukora yemichero. Mushure memakore mashoma, nekufukidza pamusoro kwakawanda, kureba kwekora yemichero kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Kuwedzera kweukobvu kunogona kukonzera kusanaya kwemvura pamusoro. Naizvozvo, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinofukidza pamusoro hunofanira kunge hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwezvidimbu zvevhu zvakabviswa mushure mekuboora nekuchera.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-18-2024