Zano guru: Kuwanikwa kwemvura shoma kwave dambudziko zvishoma nezvishoma richidzivisa kukura kwemasango emumaguta. Kuzadzikiswa kwekudiridza uswa nenzira inochengetedza mvura inyaya yakakosha inotarisana nevashandi vepari zvino vehuswa. Grassland Research Institute of China Agricultural University yakaita ongororo yakazara pamusoro pematekinoroji ekuchengetedza mvura mumaguta kubva pazvinhu zvakaita sekusarudza mhando dzehuswa dzinotsungirira kusanaya kwemvura, kuona huwandu hwemari yekudiridza uswa, kusarudza nzira dzekudiridza dzinochengetedza mvura muhuswa, uye kudiridza mvura yakadzokororwa muhuswa.
Kushaikwa kwemvura yakakwana kwave dambudziko zvishoma nezvishoma richikanganisa kukura kwemasango emumaguta. Kuzadzikiswa kwekudiridza uswa nenzira inochengetedza mvura inyaya yakakosha iri kutarisana nevashandi vepari zvino vehuswa. Grassland Research Institute yakaita ongororo yakazara pamusoro pematekinoroji ekuchengetedza mvura mumaguta kubva pazvinhu zvakaita sekusarudza mhando dzehuswa dzinotsungirira kusanaya kwemvura, kuona huwandu hwemvura yekudiridza uswa, kusarudza nzira dzekudiridza dzinochengetedza mvura muhuswa, uye kudiridza mvura yakadzokororwa muhuswa.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekuberekesa huswa hwevhu, kushandiswa kwenzira dzekudiridza dzesainzi uye kuvandudzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogona kushandiswazve zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kutambisa zviwanikwa zvemvura muhuswa. Huswa hahudyi mvura sezvinotaurwa nevamwe vanhu.
Kubereka mhando dzembeu dzinotsungirira kusanaya kwemvura
Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzehuswa hwematurf nemarudzi akasiyana emhando imwe chete dzine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemvura, saka kushandisa mhando dzehuswa hwematurf dzinochengetedza mvura kwakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza mvura mumakwenzi.
Pakubereka mhando dzeturfgrass dzinotsungirira kusanaya kwemvura, pamusoro pekushandisa nzira dzechinyakare dzekuberekesa, biotechnology inogonawo kushandiswa kuisa majini anodzivirira kusanaya kwemvura muturfgrass kuti pave nemarudzi matsva anodzivirira kusanaya kwemvura. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti turfgrass yakagadziriswa majini ine majini anodzivirira kusanaya kwemvura inogona kuchengetedza hafu yemvura zvichienzaniswa nehuswa hwemusango hwemazuva ose; kana ikadyarwa munzvimbo yakakura, inogona kuchengetedza 20% kusvika 30% yemvura yekudiridza.
Kutarisira mvura nenzira inochengetedza mvura uye kudiridza kwesainzi
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha pakudiridza uswa nenzira inochengetedza mvura ndechekunzwisisa huwandu hwehuswa hwakakwana. Huwandu hwehuswa hunodiridza hushoma kuti huve nechokwadi chekuti uswa hwevhu hunokura zvakanaka. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza mvura yakaringana uye kudzivirira marara emvura anokonzerwa nekudiridza zvakanyanya. Kudiridza uswa kunofanira kusiya pfungwa isiriyo yekuti zviri nani kuva nezvakawanda pane kushomeka, uye kuita kudiridza kwesainzi kwemarudzi akasiyana ehuswa.
Kudiwa kwemvura kwehuswa hakungokanganisirwi chete nehunhu hwehuswa pachahwo, asiwo nezvinhu zvakatipoteredza, zvinosanganisira kuchengetwa nekutarisirwa, hunyoro hwevhu, magadzirirwo evhu uye kuorera kwevhu. Kuwanda kwembeu uye hurefu hwehuswa zvinokonzera mutsauko mukuru muzvinodiwa zvemvura yehuswa.
Nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira nitrogen, phosphorus, uye potassium dzinoita kuti pave nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwekucheka uswa, uye pane hukama hwakanaka pakati pemusiyano wehuwandu hwekucheka uswa nehuwandu hwemvura hunodiwa neuswa. Huswa hune mafetiraiza anoburitswa nekukurumidza hune huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura hunodiwa kupfuura huswa hune mafetiraiza anoburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza mvura, huwandu hwemafetiraiza anoburitswa nekukurumidza hunofanira kuderedzwa pakutarisira chaiko.
Nzira dzekudiridza dzakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza mvura yehuswa. Nzira yekudiridza yemafashamo yechinyakare inokonzera kudiridza kusina kuenzana uye kuraswa kwakakomba. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura, mapurojekiti ekudiridza anochengetedza mvura akakurumidza kukura. Parizvino, nzira huru dzekudiridza dzinochengetedza mvura dzinosanganisira kudiridza nemapombi, kudiridza ne sprinkler, kudiridza ne micro-irrigation uye kudiridza ne seepage.
Maitiro ekugadzira akaratidza kuti kudiridza nekudiridza mumvura zvishoma nezvishoma (micro-irrigation) uye kudiridza mvura zvakanyanyokodzera zvirimwa zvekurima zvine mitsetse nemapazi ane matavi. Kune masango ane nzvimbo dzakakura, zvirimwa zvakawanda, uye kunyange kuparadzirwa, nzira mbiri idzi dzekudiridza hadzina mari yakawanda uye dzinoshanda. Nokudaro, kudiridza masango emumaguta nenzira inochengetedza mvura kunonyanya kushandisa kudiridza kwe sprinkler.
Chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwekudiridza sprinkler musoro we sprinkler. Ma nozzles anogona kukamurwa kuita ma nozzles ane simba shoma, ane simba repakati nepakati uye ane simba repamusoro zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kwawo kushanda. Ma sprinkler ane simba shoma anowanzo sarudzwa pakudiridza uswa. Ma sora madiki kana zvidimbu zvirefu zve sora zvinogona kushandisa sprinkler diki dzine simba shoma; ma sora makuru akadai senhandare dzemitambo ne gorofu anogona kushandisa sprinkler dzine simba repakati nepakati.
Magadzirirwo ekupararira kwemisoro yesprinkler anofanira kunge akaenzana kuitira kuti nzvimbo yekudiridza yakafukidzwa nesprinkler ive yakaenzana. Sisitimu yekudiridza yesprinkler inofanirawo kusarudza michina yekumanikidza ine simba rinoenderana nemamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwemvura, kuitira kuti kudiridza kwesprinkler kugone kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Kudiridza huswa hwako nemvura yakadzokororwa
Mvura yetsvina yakadzokororwa kushandiswa inonzi mvura yakadzokororwa, iyo yakakamurwa kuita mvura yekutanga yakarapwa, mvura yechipiri yakarapwa uye mvura yechitatu yakarapwa zvichienderana nemaitiro acho. Parizvino, kudiridza kwehuswa kunoshandisa mvura yepombi kana mvura yepasi pevhu zvakananga.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kudiridza uswa kuri kuwedzera mutoro wemvura mumaguta, uye kune rumwe rutivi, tsvina yemumaguta haina kushandiswa zvine musoro. Bhuku reChina Environmental Status Bulletin rakaburitswa neState Environmental Protection Administration rinoratidza kuti mvura yese yakasviba yakaburitswa munyika yese muna 2003 yaive matani mabhiriyoni makumi mana nematanhatu, zvichiratidza mukana mukuru wekuvandudza.
Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kudiridza huswa nemvura yakacheneswa, asi zvakaonekwa kuti midzi yehuswa yakaratidza zviratidzo zvekusviba zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvakasungirirwa mumvura yakacheneswa uye kuunganidzwa kwemunyu muvhu kunovhara maburi evhu, zvichikanganisaKupinda kwevhuzvinokonzera kushushikana kwemuviri kuhuswa hwemusango.
Kana tichienzanisa nemvura yakacheneswa, kushandisa mvura yakacheneswa yepamusoro kwakachengeteka zvikuru. Kazhinji zvinotendwa kuti mvura yakacheneswa yepamusoro inogona kushandiswa chero kupi kunze kwekunwa, kusanganisira kurima hove, kugeza, madziva ekushambira, kudiridza, nezvimwewo. Kunyangwe mutengo wekushandisa mvura yakacheneswa yepamusoro pakudiridza wakakwira, pane tsika yekutsiva mvura yakacheneswa yepamusoro zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-12-2024