Huswa hune mabasa ekuchenesa mhepo, kunwisa guruva, kudzivirira ruzha, kudzivirira kusvibiswa uye kunwisa mishonga, kuderedza kukurwa kwevhu, kunatsiridza chimiro chevhu, kuderedza mwaranzi yezuva, kuchengetedza nekudzorera maziso, kusvibira maguta nekuashongedza, uye kunatsiridza nharaunda yemaguta.
Masango ari kuramba achikura. Zvisinei, mashanga emumba anowanzo ora uye anosiyiwa mumakore 3-5, uye mamwe mashanga anotozopera simba mushure mekunge arimwa. Nguva yekushandiswa kwemasango ane tekinoroji yakakwana yekuchengetedza kunze kwenyika inopfuura makore 10-15. Chikonzero ndechekuti tekinoroji yekuchengetedza mashanga yenyika yangu haina kukura zvakakwana, kunyanya nekuda kwenzira dzisina kunaka kana dzisina kufanira dzekuchengetedza dzakadai sekuchekerera, kuberekesa, kudiridza, uye kudzora zvipembenene. Pfungwa huru dzehunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza mashanga nekutarisira dzinotsanangurwa muchidimbu seizvi.
1. Kuchekerera Kuchekerera kwakafanana ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukoshakugadzirisa huswaKana uswa hukasachekererwa nenguva, chikamu chepamusoro chehunde yacho chinokura nekukurumidza, dzimwe nguva mbeu, zvichikanganisa kukura kweuswa husingatsikirwe netsoka, zvichiita kuti huve nzvimbo isina miti.
Nguva yekuchekerera uswa inowanzova kubva munaKurume kusvika munaMbudzi, uye dzimwe nguva zvinodikanwawo kuchekerera mumakore echando anodziya. Kureba kwekucheka uswa kunowanzo tevera musimboti we1/3. Kuchekerera kwekutanga kunoitwa kana uswa hwacho hwareba 10-12cm, uye hurefu hwehuswa hwacho hwakareba 6-8cm. Huwandu hwenguva dzekucheka hunoenderana nekukura kwehuswa. Huswa hwemhando yepamusoro huri kunze kwenyika hunochekererwa kanopfuura kagumi kana kunyange kamazana pagore. Kazhinji Chivabvu naChikumi ndidzo nguva dzinokura zvakanyanya dzehuswa, uye dzinochekererwa ka1-2 mazuva ese 7-10, uye ka1-2 mazuva ese 10-15 pane dzimwe nguva. Mushure mekucheka kakawanda, uswa hauna kungove nema rhizomes akasimba uye kugona kwakasimba kwekufukidza, asiwo hushoma, mashizha anova matete, uye kukosha kwekushongedza kwakakwira.
Pakucheka uswa, bhandi rekucheka rinofanira kunge rakafanana, uye gwara rinofanira kuchinjwa pese pakucheka uswa. Kana kusina mvura, uswa hwakachekwa hunogona kuiswa pauswa kuti hutonhore, asi hahugone kuiswa kwenguva yakareba, zvikasadaro huchanyorovesa uswa, kukura zvishoma nezvishoma uye kubereka mabhakitiriya. Micheto yeuswa inowanzochekwa nechigero kuti irambe yakanaka.
2. Kuisa fetereza Kuisa fetereza chimwe chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedza uswa. Kana uswa hukachekwa kakawanda, ndipo panobviswa zvinovaka muviri zvakawanda muvhu. Nokudaro, zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana zvinofanira kuwedzerwa kuti zvidzorere kukura. Huwandu hwezvinodiwa pakuisa fetereza hunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rweuswa. Kazhinji, uswa hunoisa fetereza ka7-8 pagore. Nguva yekuisa fetereza yakawanda iri pakati paKubvumbi naGumiguru, kunyanya fetereza yematsutso muna Gumiguru inonyanya kukosha. Pakuisa fetereza, shandisa Ireland inoshanda zvakanyanya, iyo inopa mhando gumi nembiri dzezvinovaka muviri kuhuswa panguva imwe chete, iyo yakachengeteka uye isingakuvadzi mbesa uye inodzivirira kuoma.
3. Kudiridza: Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzehuswa, hunoramba kusanaya kwemvura hunosiyana. Munguva yekukura kwahwo nesimba, hunoda mvura yakakwana. Saka, kudiridza nenguva imwe chete inzira yekuchengetedza huswa hwakanaka. Kazhinji, munguva inopisa uye yakaoma, diridza kamwe chete mazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe mangwanani nemanheru, uye nyorovesa midzi kusvika 10-15cm. Zvinokurudzirwa kudiridza mune dzimwe mwaka kudzivirira midzi yevhu kubva kune hunyoro hwakati, asi zvakanaka kushandisa kupfapfaidza kwakasiyana-siyana uye kudiridza pasina sprinkler pakudiridza, kuchengetedza kudiridza kwakafanana, kuchengetedza mvura, uye kubvisa guruva pamusoro pehuswa.
4. Kuboora nekubvisa ivhu kuti ripinde mhepo: Huswa hunofanirwa kubhoorwa nekuvambwa neforogo kuti hupinde mhepo kamwe chete kana kaviri pagore, uye chiboorwa chinoshandiswa pahuswa hukuru. Mushure mekuboora, zadza huswa nejecha, wobva washandisa chirauro chemazino nebhurumu rakaoma kuti utsvaire murwi wejecha zvakaenzana, kuitira kuti jecha ripinde mugomba, rirambe rakashinga, uye riwedzere kuyerera kwevhu kwakadzika. Ukobvu hwejecha riri pamusoro pehuswa hahufanirwe kudarika 0.5cm. Kuti upinde mhepo munzvimbo diki uye huswa hwakareruka, unogona kushandisa forogo yekuchera kuti uchere padanho re8-10cm nekudzika, uye musoro weforogo unopinda wakananga mukati nekubuda kudzivirira kuunza maburi evhu. Maitiro akasiyana emaforogo anogona kuchinjwa kune ivhu rakasiyana, uye mafoshoro anogonawo kushandiswa. Pakufoora, mimwe midzi yehuswa inogona kuchekwa kuti ikure midzi yakasimba. Nguva yakanakisa yekuboora nekubvisa mhepo yevhu iri mukutanga kwechirimo gore rega rega.
5. Kubvisa sora. Kubvisa sora kunofanira kutevedzera musimboti wekuti "kubvisa nekukurumidza", "kubvisa diki", uye "kubvisa". Shandisa banga kuti uwane huwandu hushoma, uye shandisa foshoro kuti uwane huwandu hwakawanda uye hwakakanyiwa, wobva waenzanisa ivhu wodyarazve. Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga yekuuraya sora inogona kushandiswawo, yakadai seCaohejing, Matangjing, Caokuojing, Hekuojing, Mieshajing, Pujujing nedzimwe mishonga yekuuraya sora yakanangwa uye yakachengeteka. Pfapfaidza pazuva risina mhepo uye rine zuva, tembiricha inofanira kunge iri pamusoro pe25℃, ipapo mushonga unokurumidza zvikuru, uye kusanganiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya sora kwakakodzera kunogona kuvandudza simba remushonga. Asi chenjera kudzivirira mhedzisiro isingabatsiri.
6. Kudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere Zvirwere zvizhinji zvemumunda zvinoti fungus, zvakaita sengura, powdery mildew, sclerotinia, anthracnose, nezvimwewo. Zvinowanzo kuwanikwa pamidzi, madzinde nemashizha emiti yakafa muvhu. Kana ikasangana nemamiriro ekunze akakodzera, inotapukira nekukuvadza uswa, ichidzivisa kukura kweuswa, uye ichichinja kuita yero kana kufa kuita zvidimbu kana mabhuroko. Nzira yekudzivirira nekudzora inowanzo kushandisa fungicides kudzivirira kana kurapa zvinoenderana nemitemo yehutachiona hwechirwere. Mishonga yekudzivirira inowanzoshandiswa kudzivirira inosanganisira carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, nezvimwewo. Zvipembenene zvinokuvadza uswa zvinosanganisira zvipembenene zvinodya mashizha uye zvinodya midzi zvakaita se noctuid larvae, armyworms, hozhwa, grubs, masvosve, nezvimwewo. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inowanzoshandiswa inosanganisira Bichrysanthemum. Pakudzivirira nekudzora, uswa hunofanira kuchekwa zvishoma wozopfapfaidzwa.
7. Kuvandudzwa nekuvandudzwa kwehudiki uyekutenderera kwevhuKana tsangadzi dzacho dzakaoma kana kuti dzakafa zvishoma, dzinofanira kuvandudzwa nekusimbiswa nenguva, kureva kuti, kana uchiisa fetereza pakutanga kwechirimo kana kumatsutso ekupedzisira, sanganisa mbeu dzehuswa dzakamera pamwe chete wodzisasa zvakaenzana patsanga, kana kushandisa roller kucheka chidimbu chemasendimita makumi maviri ega ega patsanga woisa manyowa kuti midzi mitsva ikure. Kana pasina ivhu uye kubuda kwemidzi kunokonzerwa nekuchekerera, kudiridza, uye kuchenesa huswa hwacho, ivhu rinofanira kuwedzerwa nekumoneredzwa panguva yekutumbuka kwetsanga kana mushure mekuchekerera. Kazhinji, rinofanira kuitwa kamwe chete pagore, uye kumoneredza kunoitwa kakawanda mushure mekunge ivhu ranyunguduka pakutanga kwechirimo.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-18-2024