Huswa ndeimwe yemidziyo yesimbi iri muhuswa, uye kunaka kwahwo kunokanganisa zvakananga chitarisiko chehuswa. Kunyangwe kuchekerera huswa ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirisa huswa. Kana huswa hukasachekererwa nenguva, chikamu chepamusoro chehuswa hwacho chinokura nekukurumidza, uye dzimwe nguva chinomera mbeu, izvo zvinokanganisa kukura kwehuswa husingatsigirwi nekutsika, zvichiita kuti huve nzvimbo isina chinhu.
Iyokuchekerera uswaNguva yacho inowanzova kubva muna Chivabvu kusvika Gunyana. Kureba kwekucheka uswa kunowanzo tevera 1/3 yenheyo. Kuchekerera kwekutanga kunoitwa kana uswa hwacho hwareba 10 cm kusvika 12 cm, uye hurefu hwehuswa hwacho hwakareba 6 cm kusvika 8 cm. Huwandu hwekucheka hunoenderana nekukura kwehuswa. Kazhinji Chikumi kusvika Chikunguru ndiyo nguva yakasimba yekukura kwehuswa, ka1 kusvika kaviri mazuva ese manomwe kusvika gumi, uye ka1 kusvika kaviri mazuva ese gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu pane dzimwe nguva. Mushure mekuchekerera kakawanda, uswa hauna kungove nemaruva akasimba uye kugona kwakasimba kwekufukidza, asiwo wakaderera, mashizha acho matete, uye kukosha kwekushongedza kwakakwira.
Pakuchekerera uswa, bhandi rekuchekerera rinofanira kunge rakafanana, uye gwara rekuchekerera rinofanira kuchinjwa nguva imwe neimwe. Mupendero weuswa unowanzo chekererwa nechigero kuti runako rwawo rurambe rwakanaka.
Kuisa fetereza chimwe chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedza huswa. Kana huswa hukachekwa kakawanda, ndipo panobviswa zvinovaka muviri zvakawanda muvhu. Nokudaro, zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana zvinofanira kuwedzerwa kuti zvidzorere kukura. Kuisa fetereza yehuswa kunowanzo shandiswa pafetereza yenitrogen, uye fetereza yecompound inoshandiswa panguva imwe chete. Chiyero chekushandisa fetereza i8 kg kusvika 12 kg pa mu, uye huwandu hwefetereza hunoenderana nerudzi rwehuswa.
Kazhinji, huswa hunoiswa fetereza kanomwe kusvika kasere pagore. Nguva yakawanda yekuisa fetereza iri pakati paKubvumbi naGunyana, kunyanya fetereza yematsutso munaGunyana inonyanya kukosha.
Huswa hunofanira kupfekedzwa zvakaenzana. Pachinangwa ichi, fetereza inogona kuiswa nepakati kubva kumativi maviri. Mushure mekupfekedzwa, mvura inofanira kuiswa nenguva kuti inyungudise fetereza zvizere uye kukurudzira kunyudzwa kwezvinovaka muviri nemidzi.
Kudiridza Huswa hwemugwenzi hune simba rakasiyana rekudzivirira kusanaya kwemvura nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzehuswa, uye hunoda mvura yakakwana panguva yekukura kwahwo nesimba. Saka, kudiridza nenguva imwe chete inzira yekuchengetedza huswa hwakanaka. Kazhinji, munguva inopisa uye yakaoma, diridza kamwe chete mazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe ega ega mangwanani nemanheru kuti unyorovese midzi kusvika 10 cm kusvika 15 cm. Zvinokurudzirwa kudiridza mune dzimwe mwaka kudzivirira midzi yevhu kubva pahunyoro hwakati, asi zvakanaka kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudiridza sprinkler pakudiridza kuti urambe uchidiridza zvakaenzana, kuchengetedza mvura, uye kubvisa guruva pamusoro pehuswa.
Makomba ekuboorerauye ivhu reforogo kuti ripinde mhepo. Huswa hunofanirwa kuboorwa uye kugoorwa kuti hupinde mhepo kamwe chete kusvika kaviri pagore. Mushure mekuboora makomba, zadzai huswa nejecha, mobva mashandisa reki ine mazino nemutsvairo wakaoma kuti mupukute jecha zvakaenzana, kuitira kuti jecha ripinde mugomba, rigare richifefetera, uye riwedzere kuyerera kwemvura muvhu rakadzika. Ukobvu hwejecha riri pamusoro pehuswa hahufanirwe kudarika 0.5 cm. Nguva yakanakisa yekuboora makomba uye kugoorwa kwevhu kuti hupinde mhepo ndeyekutanga kwechirimo gore rega rega.
Bvisa masora uye masora anofanira kunyatsonzwisisa musimboti wekuti "bvisa nekukurumidza, bvisa diki, wobvisa zvachose". Shandisa banga kuti uwane huwandu hushoma, wochera nefoshoro kana huwandu hwacho hwakura uye hwakanyanya, wobva wahubata nenzira iri pakati, wobva waenzanisa ivhu wodyarazve. Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga yekuuraya sora inogona kushandiswawo, senge 20% dimethoate emulsion, 25% wettable profenofosin emulsion 2,4-d liquid, nezvimwewo, zvinopfapfaidzwa pazuva risina mhepo uye rine zuva, tembiricha iri nani kupfuura 25℃, ipapo mushonga unokurumidza zvikuru, uye chiyero chinogona kuderedzwa nehafu. Kusanganisa mishonga yekuuraya sora zvakanaka kunogona kuvandudza kushanda kwayo. Asi chenjera kudzivirira mhedzisiro inopesana nemhedzisiro. Sarudza mushonga wesora unoenderana nerudzi rwesora. Mishonga yesora yekudzora sora rine mashizha akafara ndeyeCaokuojing naKuomie. Kazhinji, sora rine mashizha akafara rinopfapfaidzwa neCaokuojing pa200-300 kakapetwa mvura; Pakudzora sora reuswa, shandisa Caohejing mvura yakapetwa ka250-300 pakupfapfaidza zvakafanana, izvo zvinogona kudzora zvinobudirira sora reuswa se crabgrass, tendon grass, foxtail grass, barnyard grass, lycopodium, wild oats, uye teff. Kana sora remashizha akafara nesora reuswa zvikaitika panguva imwe chete, shandisa mvura yakapetwa ka150 yeHekuojing pakupfapfaidza zvakafanana, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti pave nemigumisiro yekuuraya sora rakawanda panguva imwe chete. Kudzora sora remasedge, pfapfaidza Mesabendazole ka200-300. Kushandiswa kamwe chete kunogona kukonzera ma rhizomes eCyperus rot, uye mwero wekudzoka kwechirwere wakaderera zvikuru.
Zvirwere zvehuswa zvinonyanya kukonzera fungus, zvakaita sengura, powdery mildew, sclerotinia, anthracnose, nezvimwewo. Zvinowanzo kuwanikwa pamidzi yakafa, madzinde nemashizha emiti muvhu. Kana zvikasangana nemamiriro ekunze akakodzera, zvinokuvadza huswa, zvinokanganisa kukura kwehuswa, uye zvinoshanduka kuita yero kana kufa kuita zvidimbu kana mabhuroko.
Nzira yekudzivirira nekudzora inowanzo shandiswa mishonga yefungicide kudzivirira kana kurapa zvichienderana nekuitika kwezvirwere. Mishonga yefungicide inowanzoshandiswa kudzivirira inosanganisira methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, nezvimwewo. Zvipembenene zvinokuvadza uswa zvinosanganisira zvipembenene zvinodya mashizha uye zvinodya midzi zvakaita se noctuid larvae, armyworms, hozhwa, grubs, mole crickets, uye masvosve. Mishonga yezvipembenene inowanzoshandiswa inosanganisira dimethoate, cypermethrin, uye dichlorvos. Pakudzivirira nekudzora, uswa hunofanira kuchekwa zvishoma wobva wapfapfaidzwa.
Kana uswa hwacho hwava nebvudzi kana kuti hwava nebvudzi, hunofanira kuvandudzwa uye kudzorerwa simba panguva. Kureva kuti, kana uchiisa fetereza pakutanga kwechirimo kana kumatsutso ekupedzisira, sanganisa mbeu dzeuswa dzakamera pamwe chete wodzisasa zvakaenzana pauswa, kana kushandisa roller kucheka chidimbu chemasendimita makumi maviri ega ega pauswa woisa manyowa kuti midzi mitsva ikure. Kana pasina ivhu uye kubuda kwemidzi kunokonzerwa nekuchekerera, kudiridza, uye kuchenesa uswa hwacho, wedzera ivhu woripeta panguva yekutumbuka kweuswa kana mushure mekuchekerera. Kazhinji, zvinofanira kuitwa kamwe chete pagore, uye kupeta kunoitwa kakawanda pakutanga kwechirimo mushure mekunge ivhu ranyunguduka.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-27-2024