Huswa nevhu hazvivakwi kamwe chete zvachose. Kufanana nevana, zvinogara zvichida kutarisirwa kwako kwese kwese kuti zvikure zvakanaka. Vavaki vazhinji vehuswa vanofuratira pfungwa iyi uye vanokundikana kuwana mhedzisiro inotarisirwa. Zvinotevera matanho akati wandei ekutarisira huswa. Kana ukahugona, ndinotenda kuti huswa hwako hucharamba huchitaridzika zvakanaka uye huchawedzera nguva yahwo.
一. Kuchekerera nekuchekerera
Kuchekerera miriwo ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekutarisira. Muchokwadi, huwandu hwekuchekerera miriwo nguva imwe neimwe haufanirwe kudarika 1/3 yehuswa. Tafura inotevera ndiyo hurefu hwedu hwehuswa hunokurudzirwa. Ehe, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakasiyana kwehuswa kana kushomeka kwevashandi nezvinhu, zviyero zvinotevera hazvifanirwe kutevedzwa zvakanyanya: Variety unit: cm Bluegrass 3.8-6.4 Tall fescue 3.8-7.6 Ryegrass 3.8-7.6 Bentgrass 0.5-2.5 Bermuda grass 0.6-3.8 Zoysia 1.3-5 Chinangwa chekuchekerera miriwo hachisi chekungonaka chete, asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kuchekerera miriwo kunogona kukurudzira kurima kwehuswa, kuwedzera huwandu, kupfava uye kusimba kwehuswa, kuwedzera kuramba kwehuswa, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwehuswa. Kuchekerera miriwo nenguva kunogonawo kudzivirira kutumbuka nekumera kwehuswa, kuitira kuti sora risazobereka uye ribvise zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kuisa pamusoro
Zvekugadzira pamusoro pevhu, mafetiraiza emakemikari kana mafetiraiza eorganic anogona kushandiswa. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanira kucherechedzwa pakushandisa mafetiraiza emakemikari:
1. Chiyero cheN:P:K chinofanira kudzorwa pa5:4:3;
2. Huwandu hwevhu hunoshandiswa i20 kg/mu;
3. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, fetereza inoiswa mumatsutso kumaodzanyemba uye muchirimo kuchamhembe;
4. Kuisa manyowa nekudiridza kunofanira kufambiswa zvakanaka kudzivirira kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwehuswa. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumira, zvakanaka kushandisa manyowa emvura ane chiyero chakanaka. Manyowa eorganic anowanzo shandiswa panguva yehuswa husina kurara, uye huwandu hwawo hunowanzova 1000 ~ 1500 kg/mu, hunoshandiswa makore maviri kusvika matatu ega ega. Kuisa manyowa eorganic hakungogone chete kuvandudza kusunuka nekupinda kwevhu, asiwo kubatsira huswa kuti hurambe hwakachengeteka munguva yechando.
三. Kudiridza
Kudiridza hakungogone chete kuchengetedza kukura kwakajairika kwehuswa hwemumunda, asiwo kunovandudza kusimba kwemadzinde nemashizha uye kunosimudzira kuramba kusimba kwehuswa.
1. Mwaka: Kudiridza uswa kunofanira kuitwa munguva yekusanaya kwemvura apo mvura inonaya yakawanda kupfuura mvura inonaya. Muchando, mushure mekunge ivhu reuswa raoma, hapana chikonzero chekuridiridza.
2. Nguva: Kana tichitaura nezvemamiriro ekunze, nguva yakanakisisa yekudiridza inguva apo kunenge kune mhepo inofefetera, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kurasikirwa nekubuda kwemvura uye kuita kuti mashizha aome. Muzuva rimwe chete, kuitira kuwedzera mwero wekushandiswa kwemvura, mangwanani nemanheru ndiyo nguva dzakanakisisa dzekudiridza. Zvisinei, kudiridza husiku hakubatsiri kuoma kwehuswa hwehuswa uye kunowanzo kukonzera zvirwere.
3. Huwandu hwemvura: Kazhinji, munguva yakaoma yemwaka wekukura kwehuswa, kuti huswa hurambe hwakasvibira, hunodiwa mvura inosvika 3 kusvika 4 cm pasvondo. Mumamiriro ekunze anopisa uye akaoma, huswa hunokura nesimba hunofanira kuwedzera 6 cm kana kupfuura yemvura pasvondo. Huwandu hwemvura hunodiwa hunonyanya kuenderana nekuumbwa kwevhu rehuswa.
4. Nzira: Kudiridza kunogona kuitwa nekudiridza nespray irrigation, drip irrigation, flood irrigation nedzimwe nzira. Nzira dzakasiyana dzinogona kushandiswa zvichienderana nemazinga akasiyana ekugadzirisa nekutarisira uye mamiriro emidziyo. Kuti uswa hwemumatsutso husakure mumatsutso uye huve hwegirini muchirimo, hudirire kamwe chete nguva imwe neimwe. Hudirire zvakanaka uye zvakanaka, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru kuti uswa hwemumakwenzi hurarame munguva yechando uye huve hwegirini.
Kudzivirira uye kudzora zvirwere
1. Kupatsanurwa kwezvirwere zvehuswa hwemubindu
Zvirwere zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvichienderana nezvirwere zvakasiyana: zvirwere zvisingatapukire uye zvirwere zvinotapukira. Zvirwere zvisingatapukire zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zviri pahuswa nenharaunda. Zvakadai sekusarudzwa kwembeu dzehuswa zvisina kunaka, kushaikwa kwezvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa kuti huswa hukure muvhu, kusaenzana kwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri, ivhu rakaoma kana rakanyorova zvakanyanya, kusvibiswa kwenharaunda, nezvimwewo. Rudzi urwu rwechirwere harutapukire. Zvirwere zvinotapukira zvinokonzerwa nefungus, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, nematodes, nezvimwewo. Rudzi urwu rwechirwere runotapukira zvakanyanya, uye zvinhu zvitatu zvinodiwa kuti chiitike ndeizvi: zvirimwa zvinotapukira, zvirwere zvine simba guru rezvirwere, uye mamiriro akakodzera enharaunda.
2. Nzira dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira ndedzinotevera:
(1) Bvisa manyuko makuru ehutachiona hwehutachiona. Ivhu, mbeu, mbesa, zvirimwa zvine chirwere mumunda, zvasara zvezvirimwa zvine chirwere uye fetereza isina manyowa ndiyo nzvimbo huru uko hutachiona hwakawanda hunowanikwa munguva yechando uye munguva yezhizha. Nokudaro, kubvisa ivhu (formalin disinfection inowanzo shandiswa, kureva kuti, formalin: mvura = 1:40, huwandu hwevhu huri 10-15 litres/square meter kana formalin: mvura = 1:50, huwandu hwevhu huri 20-25 litres/square meter), kurapwa kwembesa (kusanganisira mbeu nembesa dzekuvharira uye kubvisa utachiona; nzira inowanzoshandiswa yekubvisa utachiona pahuswa ndeiyi: nyika mbeu mumushonga wakasanganiswa we1%-2% formalin kwemaminitsi 20-60, bvisa mushure mekunyika, sukurudza, omesa uye dyara.) uye bvisa zvasara zvezvirimwa zvine chirwere nenguva uye mamwe matanho ekudzora.
(2) Kudzivirira nekudzivirira kurima: ivhu rakakodzera nehuswa, kunyanya kusarudza mhando dzinorwisa zvirwere, kubvisa sora nenguva, kurima zvakadzika uye fetereza yakanaka, kurapwa kwezvirimwa zvine chirwere nenzvimbo dzine chirwere nenguva, uye kusimbisa kutonga kwemvura nefetereza. (3) Kudzora mishonga: kupfapfaidza mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, pfapfaidza huwandu hwakakodzera hwemusanganiswa weBordeaux kamwe chete pakutanga kwechirimo usati wapinda munguva yekukura kwakasimba, ndiko kuti, huswa husati hwatanga kurwara, wobva wapfapfaidza kamwe chete pamavhiki maviri, wopfapfaidza katatu-kana zvichitevedzana. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira kuitika kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvefungus kana mabhakitiriya. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere dzinoda mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakasiyana. Zvisinei, kutarisisa kunofanira kupihwa pakuwanda kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, nguva nenhamba yekupfapfaidza, uye huwandu hwekupfapfaidza. Kazhinji, mhedzisiro yekupfapfaidza inonyanya kunaka kana mashizha ehuswa hwesango akachengetwa akaoma. Huwandu hwekupfapfaidza hunonyanya kutsanangurwa nehurefu hwemhedzisiro yasara yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, kazhinji kamwe chete pamazuva manomwe-gumi, uye huwandu hwemapfapfaidzo maviri-mashanu hwakakwana. Kupfapfaidza zvakare kunofanira kuitwa mushure mekunaya kwemvura. Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yezvipembenene inofanira kusanganiswa kana kushandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana sezvinobvira kudzivirira kusawirirana nemishonga.
五. Kudzora zvipembenene
1. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene zveuswa: ivhu harina kurapwa mushonga wezvipembenene karekuvaka huswa(kurima zvakanyanya uye kuomesa ivhu, kuchera ivhu kuti ritore zvipembenene, kubvisa utachiona muvhu, nezvimwewo); fetereza yeorganic yakashandiswa haina kuora; kudzivirira nekudzora nekukurumidza hakuna kuitwa panguva yakakodzera kana kuti mushonga wezvipembenene hauna kushandiswa zvisizvo kana kuti hauna kushanda zvakanaka, nezvimwewo.
2. Kudzora zvipembenene zveuswa pamwe chete
(1) Kudzora kurima: ivhu rakakodzera uye huswa hwakakodzera, kurima zvakadzama nekuomesa usati wadyara, kutora zvipembenene nekubvisa zvipembenene pazvinocherwa, kuisa fetereza yeorganic yakaora zvachose, kudiridza nekutarisirwa nenguva, nezvimwewo.
(2) Kudzora panyama nemaoko: kubata zvinyoro nyoro, kuuraya mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nevhu rine chepfu, kubata nemaoko, nezvimwewo.
(3) Kudzora zvipenyu: ndiko kuti, kushandisa vavengi vechisikigo kana tupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere kudzora. Semuenzaniso, tupukanana tunobatsira kudzora tupukanana tunonyanya kuve muscardine yegirini, uye mhedzisiro yekudzora i90%.
(4) Kudzora makemikari: Mishonga yezvipembenene inonyanya kushandiswa ne organic phosphorus compounds. Kazhinji, kudiridza kunofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza mushure mekushandisa kuti mushonga upararire uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekuda kwekuora kwemvura uye kushanduka kwemhepo; kupfapfaidza kunowanzo shandiswa kune zvipembenene zviri pamusoro. Zvisinei, kune zvimwe zvipembenene, zvakaita semakonye emumunda, kudiridza mushure mekushandisa kunofanira kuitwa maawa angangoita 24-72 mushure mekushandisa. Nzira dzakajairika kusanganisa mbeu nemishonga yezvipembenene, kubata chepfu kana kupfapfaidza.
Matanho ari pamusoro apa anogona kukwana kumugadziri wehuswawo zvake. Kana huswa hukatarisirwa zvakanaka, kuramba kwahwo kuchawedzera simba.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-02-2024