Huswa hwenhandare ndiyo nzira yekurarama nayo gorofu. Kubudirira kana kukundikana zvechokwadi kutarisira huswazvinokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro enhandare uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi ekushanda kwayo. Kutungamirirwa kwenhandare nesainzi uye kwakanaka hakungogone kukwezva vatambi vazhinji chete uye kuunza mabhenefiti akanaka ehupfumi kunhandare, asiwo kugadzira mukurumbira wakanaka wenhandare uye kuwedzera kufarirwa kwenhandare. Girini chiratidzo chenhandare yegorofu. Kuona uye kushanda kwegirini kunokanganisa zvakananga manzwiro egorofu rega rega uye kuongororwa kwenhandare yegorofu. Naizvozvo, anenge ese magirini egorofu anogona kudyarwa nebentgrass anosarudzwa kuti aone uye aone. Zviri nani kuti creeping bentgrass iite. Paunosarudza creeping bentgrass, unosarudzawo matambudziko mukugadzirisa nekutarisira. Izvi zvinotevera zvimwe zveruzivo rwemunyori pakudzivirira nekudzivirira zvirwere zvenhandare mumakore achangopfuura.
一. Mabhakitiriya makuru anokonzera zvirwere
Zvirwere zvemumunda wenhandare zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nefungus. Serudzi rwezvipembenene, fungus inoumbwa nehyphae inoungana kuita mycelium. Fungi inorarama nekunwa zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza ne mycelium. Ma spores rudzi rwefungus. Ma spores anopararira kuchirimwa kuburikidza nemhepo, mvura uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, spores inomera yogadzira fungus. Ma spores ndiwo rudzi rukuru rwekupararira kwezvirwere. Kukuvadzwa kukuru kunokonzerwa nefungus ndekwekuti fungus inotora zvinovaka muviri kubva muzvirimwa, inoparadza masero emiti nematishu, uye inokonzera kufa kwezvirimwa. Fungi inogona kukamurwa kuita saprophytic fungi uye parasitic fungi. Saprophytic fungi inodya zvinhu zvakafa zve organic, nepo parasitic fungi inodya zvipenyu uye parasitic fungi pazvirimwa zvipenyu.
Mafungus haana ganda rinofambisa mvura uye anongovimba nehunyoro hwekunze kuti abereke. Nokudaro, mafungus haashande mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, ndosaka zvirwere zvefungus zvichinyanya kuitika mumamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro hwakawanda.
Zvirwere zvikuru zvehuswa hwegorofu: brown spot, pythium, total rot, coin spot, summer spot, spring dead spot, necrotic ringspot, sickle wilt, nezvimwewo.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzera chirwere
Zvinhu zvinokonzera zvirwere pamunda wegorofu zvinosanganisira tembiricha, hunyoro, fetereza, kudiridza zvinopfapfaidza, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu zviviri: mamiriro ekunze nezvakatipoteredza uye zvinhu zvekuchengetedza nekutarisira.
1. Mamiriro ekunze uye zvakatipoteredza
Mamiriro ekunze ndiwo anonyanya kukonzera zvirwere, ayo tembiricha nehunyoro zviri zvinhu zvikuru zvinodzora. Chero chirwere chinoda tembiricha, hunyoro uye chiedza chakakodzera kukura kwacho nekubereka. Kana mamiriro aya akanaka akaitika, utachiona hunonyanya kushanda uye hunogona kukura nekubereka nekukurumidza, nokudaro huchikuvadza uswa. Pakati pazvo, mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro ndiwo anonyanya kukonzera zvirwere zvefungus; tembiricha ndiyo yechipiri yakakosha inokonzera zvirwere.
Pamusoro pekupisa nekunyorova, mumvuri chinhu chakakoshawo mukukurudzira zvirwere zvehuswa. Mwenje mudiki kwenguva refu unobatsira kuti utachiona hushande. Mimvuri kwenguva refu uye hunyoro hwakawanda hunoita kuti zvirimwa zvehuswa zvive zvinyoro uye zvine muto, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutapukirwa nehutachiona.
2. Kutarisira kugadziriswazvinhu
Kusashandisa nzira dzisina kunaka dzekutarisira kunokonzera zvirwere. Zvinhu zvinotungamira zvirwere zvehuswa zvinosanganisira: kuchekerera, kuisa fetiraiza, kudiridza sprinkler, kurima, nezvimwewo. Pakati pazvo, nzira dzisina kunaka dzekurima sprinkler uye nzira dzekutarisira dzinokonzera kusabuda kwemvura zvakanaka muvhu ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera zvirwere zvehuswa.
Kuchekerera pasi zvakanyanya uye kakawanda kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zviri nyore. Nguva imwe neimwe yaunochekerera, pamusoro pemashizha emiti unokuvara, uye mitsipa yemashizha yakakuvara inopa mikana yekuti zvipembenene zvipinde; kudiridza kushoma kunoita kuti uswa hurambe hwakanyorova nguva dzose, zvichiita kuti uswa hukure. Hunyoro hwakanyanya hunoita kuti zvipembenene zvishande zvakanaka uye zvinokonzera zvirwere zviri nyore; zvirwere zvakawanda zveuswa zvine chekuita nekushandisa fetereza yenitrogen zvakanyanya. Kushandisa fetereza yakawanda yenitrogen kunoita kuti uswa huve hwakareba uye hunyoro, uye zvirimwa zvinova zvinyoro uye zvine muto, izvo zvinokonzera hutachiona; Ukobvu hwevhu reuswa hwakanyanya uye mhepo isina kunaka zvinowedzera mukana wekuitika kwezvirwere; kuyerera kwemvura muvhu reuswa hakungowedzeri hunyoro hwevhu chete uye kunokurudzira kushanda kwezvirwere, asiwo kunokanganisa kukura nekukura kwemidzi yeuswa uye kunoderedza kuramba kwezvirwere kweuswa.
Kusimba kwekutarisira uswa uye mwero wekutarisira unodiwa nehuswa zvine chekuitawo nechirwere ichi. Kazhinji, kuoma kwechirwere kunoenderana zvakanaka nekusimba kwekutarisira kwakaiswa muhuswa. Kusimba kwekutarisira kwakakura, mukana wechirwere unowedzera. Nzvimbo yehuswa ine chirwere zvakanyanya panhandare igirini, uye greens dzinokambaira dzine zvirwere zvakawanda; yechipiri itee, nekuti simba rekutarisira rakaiswa patee rinotevera girini; chechitatu i fairway grass, fairway. Kusimba kwekutarisira panhandare yegorofu kwakaderera pane kwebhokisi re tee, asi kwakakwira kupfuura kwenzvimbo yeuswa hwakareba; nzvimbo yeuswa hwakareba inzvimbo yeuswa ine zvirwere zvishoma panhandare, nekuti huwandu hwenguva dzekuchekerera, kushandisa fetereza, kudiridza sprinkler, nezvimwewo munzvimbo yeuswa hwakareba hwakaderera pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuswa. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kutonga uswa nekuwanikwa kwezvirwere zvinoita sekunge kupokana kusingagadzirisike. Zvisinei, basa redu rinoratidza kuti nekutarisira kwakakodzera uye matanho ekudzivirira nekudzivirira nesainzi, kupokana uku kunogona kugadziriswa.
三. Nzira dzekudzivirira nekutonga dzesainzi
Kudzivirira nekudzora zvirwere zvemunhandare zvinoreva nzira inoshanda yekudzivirira kana kushandisa mishonga yakachengeteka uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda kudzora kukura kwezvirwere uye kudzorera kukura kwehuswa kana zvirwere zvatanga kuoneka. Zvirwere zvehuswa hwakakomba uye zvakajairika munzvimbo zhinji dzegorofu munyika yangu, uye mishonga yekuuraya fungi inoshandiswa mukuchengetedza nekudzora. Kunyangwe nzvimbo dzegorofu dziri indasitiri ine mari yakawanda uye inoburitsa zvakawanda, zvichienzaniswa nekuchengetedza huswa, nzvimbo dzese dzegorofu hadzina mari yakakwana. Mukutarisira huswa hwegorofu, nzvimbo zhinji dzegorofu dzinomirira kusvika zvirwere zvakakomba zvehuswa zvabuda kurapwa kusati kwaitika. Zvisinei, sezvo zvakaoma kutenga zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvakananga zvehuswa hwegorofu pamusika, maneja wedhipatimendi rehuswa akaedza zvese uye akapedza nguva yakawanda nesimba kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvine mhedzisiro yakakosha kubva kumishonga yezvipembenene yechinyakare. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive hafu yemhedzisiro nemhedzisiro yakapetwa kaviri. Huswa hwegorofu hune nharaunda yahwo yakasarudzika yezvakatipoteredza uye kusasimba kwezvakatipoteredza. Pamwe chete nehunhu hwekudzivirira hwechigadzirwa, zvakaoma kuva nemhedzisiro yakakosha yekurapa huswa hwakarwara. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira nekurapa zvirwere zvehuswa hwegorofu kunofanirwa kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvakakosha zvakanangana. Nenzira iyi chete ndipo panogona kuwanikwa mhedzisiro iri nani, uye chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kuona kuti chinogona kubata nehutachiona hwezvirwere hunogara huchichinja-chinja.
Pfungwa huru dzekudzivirira nekudzora:
1. Kudzivirira chirwere ndicho chinhu chekutanga uye kurapwa ndicho chinhu chekuwedzera.
Zvinoreva kuti mukugadzirisa nekutarisira kwezuva nezuva, matanho akasiyana-siyana ekutarisira anofanira kuitwa nemazvo, uye nguva uye nzira yekushandisa chiyero chimwe nechimwe zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa nemazvo, kuitira kuti uswa hurambe huri mumamiriro akanaka ekukura uye kuderedza mukana wekutapukirwa nezvirwere. Chechipiri, dzivirira zvirwere kuburikidza nekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza zuva nezuva. Usamirire kusvika chirwere chaitika usati watanga matanho ekugadzirisa kudzivirira nekudzora mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine chepfu uye inokuvadza.
2. Mushure mekuchekerera, kupfapfaidza kwekudzivirira kunofanira kushandiswa kudzivirira nekurapa hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya.
3. Kuberekesa nesainzi uye kudiridza zvine mwero.
4. Kuchekerera kwesainzi uye kwakarurama.
5. Kuonekwa nekukurumidza, kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa nekukurumidza.
6. Shandisa zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvenhandare yegorofu
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-25-2024